Location: Southeastern Europe, Northeastern part of the Balkan Peninsula; bordering the Black Sea to east and Danube River to north; common borders with Romania to north, Greece and Turkey to south, Serbia and Macedonia (The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) to west.

Geographic coordinates: 43.00 North, 25.00 East

Area: 110910 sq. km.

Coasline: 354 km.

Climate: Temperate to moderate continental with Mediterranean influence to the South. Characterized with cold, snowy winters and hot, dry summers inland and mild winters with hardly no snow and summers refreshed by the sea breeze along the coast.
Four seasons are distinguished. January is the coldest month of the year, July and August - the hottest.
Average annual temperature: 10.5 degrees Celsius.
Average summer temperature: varies between +26 and +30 degrees Celsius.
Average winter temperature: varies between -5 and +5 degrees Celsius.

Terrain: Mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast.

Lowest point: Black Sea - 0 m

Highest point: Mount Musala, Rila Mountains - 2925 m above sea level.

Average altitude: 470 m above sea level.

Geographic Overview: The country's relief is varied. About two thirds of the territory consists of plains, plateaus, hilly land at an altitude less than 600 m. About 3% of the country's area is high mountains at an altitude over 1500 m. The main characteristic of the topography is t alternating bands of high an low terrain that extend east to west across the country. From north to south, these bands are the Danubian Plateau, the Balkan Mountains, the central Thracian Plain, and the Rhodope Mountains. The easternmost sections near the Black Sea are hill, but they gradually gain height to the west until the westernmost part of the country is entirely high ground.
Major mountain ranges are: the Balkan Mountains, also known as "Stara Planina" or the "Old Mountains" with its highest peak Mount Botev 2376 m; Rila Mountains with the highest peak on the whole Balkan Peninsula - Mount Mussala 2925 m; Pirin Mountains with Mount Vihren 2914 m; Vitosha Mountains with Mount Cherni Vrah 2191 m; Sredna Gora Mountains; Rhodopa Mountains.
Major rivers: the Danube, Maritsa River, Iskar River, Ropotamo.
Karst forms abound among them over 4300 caves - deepest is 415 m deep and longest is 15535 m long.

Flora and Fauna: The territory of the Bulgaria is rich in areas where nature has been preserved almost unspoiled. Flora and fauna demonstrate remarkable diversity - a total of 12360 vegetation species and more than 13000 fauna species. The Bulgarian endemic plants, which are to be found nowhere else in the world, are over 250 species, among them Rila Primrose, Balkan Violet, Bulgarian Blackberry, Rhodopa Tulip, etc. Forests abound with wild fruit and herbs. Rare mammal and bird species are to be found in the country. Bulgaria lies on 2 major bird-migration routes.